Health Care Guide on Sodium
(Na) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease – Hypernatraemia & Hyponatraemia in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format
Sodium (Na) :
Sodium
is the electrolyte which is found in large amount in extracellular fluid
compartments.
Sources:
- Sodium is widely distributed in
natural foods.
- It is present in table salt.
- Large amounts are found in cheese
and butter.
Daily requirement:
Absorption:
- Sodium is absorbed with the help of
the sodium pump, involving Na+, K+- ATPase.
- Active absorption of Na+ is often
coupled with energy generated by metabolism of glucose or amino acids.
Functions:
- Fluid balance: Maintains osmotic
equilibrium.
- Acid-base balance. Na+ and H+
exchange occurs in the kidney and is involved in the maintenance of
acid-base balance.
- Neurotransmission: Sodium is
involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential and also in
the propagation of the action potential.
- Role in muscular excitability. Along
with other cations such as potassium, neuromuscular irritability.
- Maintenance of viscosity of blood.
Sodium and potassium regulate the degree of hydration of the plasma
proteins and maintains the viscosity of blood.
Excretion:
- Sodium is excreted via the kidneys
and skin.
Regulation:
- Aldosterone, renin-angiotensin
system, kinins and prostaglandins regulate sodium homeostasis.
Clinical manifestations:
Hypernatraemia:
- It occurs due to the presence of
high amounts of sodium.
- It is less common than
hyponatraemia.
- It could be due to hyperactivity of
adrenal cortex (Cushing’s syndrome), or prolonged administration of
corticosteroids.
- Hypernatraemia may also be due to an
overenthusiastic, intravenous administration of saline.
- Water can be retained along with
sodium and the patient may show puffiness of the face.
Hyponatraemia:
- It occurs in the following
conditions :
- Gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and
vomiting
- Severe burns
- Small gut obstruction
- Addison’s disease
- Use of mercurial diuretics.
Download Information on Sodium as Mineral
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