Minerals Nutrition PPT

Free Download PowerPoint Presentation Template on Minerals & Vitamins for Earth Science, Middle School, Kids, Biology & Medical Students 

CONTENTS OF PPT:-

• Introduction. 
• Mineral: Definition, Classification, Sources, Daily Requirement, Metabolism, Functions and their Clinical Manifestations.
• Minerals Covered: Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulphur, Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Selenium, Cobalt, Chromium and Manganese, Metal Intoxications.
• Conclusion.
• References.

Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Oral Health

PPT Presentation Notes on Periodontium, diseases of Periodontium, Deficiency & Function of Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Iron & Zinc in Teeth Care for Medical & Biology Students in word / .doc Format

Periodontium:-

Periodontium are the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. These Tissues works a back bone for our teeth.

Minerals, Vitamins & Oral Care

Calcium and Periodontium

Rats placed on calcium-deficient diet showed osteoporotic changes in alveolar bone, reduction in the number and diameter of PDL fibers and  reduction in amount of secondary cementum (Fergusson and Oliver, 1969).It also showed to stimulate osteoclastic activity (Roberts,1975).Patients with osteoporosis are at increased risk for attachment loss (Rondoros et al 2000). Krall et al., (2001) studies suggested that low dietary intake of calcium may result in severe progression of periodontal diseases. 

Manganese as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Manganese (Mn) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Cobalt deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / .ppt format

Manganese:

The total body content of manganese is about 30 mg.

Daily requirement:

• Adults: 2-5 mg.
• Children: 0.5-2.0 mg.

Sources:

• Cereals,
• Vegetables
• Live
• Kidney
• Muscle
• tea

Chromium as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Chromium (Cr) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Cobalt deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / .ppt format

Chromium:

Chromium exists in two forms, viz, the trivalent and the hexavalent. The trivalent form is biologically active.

Sources:

• Yeast, milk, meat and cereals.

Daily requirement:

• Adults : 0.05-0.15mg

Absorption:

• It is absorbed by the small intestine.

Cobalt as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Cobalt (Co) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Cobalt deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / .ppt format

Cobalt:-

Cobalt is a constituent of vitamin B12. The total body content of cobalt is 1.1 mg. It is readily absorbed from the small intestine.

Daily requirement:

• Though the average intake of cobalt is 0.3 mg per day, the daily requirement has not yet been established.

Sources:

• Figs
• cabbage
• lettuce
• spinach
• animal products such as liver and kidneys.

Selenium as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Selenium (Se) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Selenium deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / ppt format

Selenium :


About 5-15mg of selenium is found in the body. Selenium serves to protect cells against destruction. 


Sources:

• Present in liver, kidney, seafood, meats and grains. 

Daily requirement:

• Adult man/woman: 0.2 mg. 
• Infants and children: 0.02-0.1 mg. 

Fluorine as Mineral - Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Fluorine (F) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Fluorine deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / ppt format

Fluorine :

10-20 mg of fluorine in its ionized form is present in the blood. Although not strictly essential, fluoride enhances well-being. Fluoride is found in the bones and teeth. 

Sources:

• Drinking water, tea, salmon and sardine.

Requirement:

• 1-2ppm (since fluorine is absorbed through water it is expressed as ppm).

Absorption and excretion: 

• Easily absorbed from small intestine.
• More than half of the ingested fluoride is excreted through urine and the rest is deposited in bones, where there is accumulation with age.

Molybdenum as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Molybdenum (Mo) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Copper deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / ppt format

Molybdenum :

Though a deficiency of molybdenum has not been observed in man, it is an essential constituent of many enzymes.

Sources:

• Milk
• Beans
• Breads
• Cereals
• Liver
• kidney

Copper as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Copper (Cu) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary allowance, Copper deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment & Toxicity in word / .doc / ppt format

Copper :

The normal concentration of copper in serum is 90mg/dl. Copper is transported in the bound form as ceruloplasmin. It is stored in liver, muscles and bones of the body. Copper is present in a number of metalloenymes.

Daily requirement:

• Adults : 2mg.Serum level 11-20umol/L

Sources:

• Nuts, dried fruits, pulses, meats, fruits’ oysters and fish.

Zinc as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Zinc (Zn) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary allowance, Zinc deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment in word / .doc / ppt format

Zinc:

The total content of zinc in the body is about 2.3 g of which 80-110 mg/dl is found in the plasma. High concentrations of zinc are found in choroid of eyes, prostate, kidneys, liver and muscles.

Daily requirement:

• Pregnancy: 5mg.
• Lactation: 10mg.Serumlevel 11-24umol/L.

Sources:

• Meat, liver, seafood, eggs, vegetable, Fruits and whole gram (less available due to phytates).

Iodine as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Presentation Notes on Iodine (I) Vegetarian & Non Vegetarian Food Sources, Recommended Dietary allowance, Iodine deficiency disorders, Role in Human Body with Treatment in word / .doc / ppt format

Iodine:

It is an essential component of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).

Sources:

• Iodized table salts, flesh and oil of marine fish, onion, iodate-enriched bread.

Daily requirement:

• Adult man: 140mg; adult women: 100mg.
• Adolescent boy: 150mg; adolescent girl: mg.
• Pregnant woman: 125mg; lactating woman: 150mg.
• Children: 60-100mg.

Iron as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Health Care Guide on Iron (Fe) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease (Anemia) in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format

IRON:

Iron is present in all organisms and in all cells. It is a transient metal capable of being present in Fe2+ (ferrous) and Fe3+ (ferric) forms. Iron is essential for the formation of haemoglobin in RBCs, transport of oxygen and oxido-reduction reactions of the electron transport chain.

Sources:

Food iron can be classified as haem iron and nonhaem iron (iron-porphyrin complexes are referred to haem compounds while nonhaem iron refers to substances which have iron in the prosthetic group but no porphyrin).

• Haeme iron in the body is constituted by Hb (85%), Mb (5%) and heame enzymes (10%) such as cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase. 40% of total food iron is heame iron. It is obtained from organ meats, fish etc.
• Nonhaeme iron is present in Fe-S proteins such as ferredoxin, adrenodoxin, flavoproteins, succinate dehydrogenase transferrin, ferritin, haemosiderin. The food sources of nonhaeme protein are vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts 60% of total food iron is nonhaeme iron.  

Daily requirement:

-          Adult man and postmenopausal women : 10 mg.

-          Premenopausal women : 15-20 mg.

-          Pregnant women: 30-60 mg.Serum level 11-32umol/L.

-          1 g of haemoglobin contains –3.4 mg iron.

-          - 30 mg iron loss occurs in menstruation.

Sulphur as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

Health Care Guide on Sulphur (S) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format


SULPHUR

Proteins contain about 1% sulphur by weight. This forms the organic sources of sulphur in the diet. Sulphates of sodium , potassium and magnesium are also found in the diet.

Source:

• Meal, fish legums, eggs, cereals and cauliflower.
• Daily requirement:
• Adequate intake of protein fulfills the sulphur requirements.

Absorption:

• Sulphur –containing amino acids produce inorganic sulphur.
• A part of it is conjugated with phenolic and heterocyclic compounds in liver to produce ethereal sulphates.
• It is secreted in urine as:

-          Inorganic sulphur

-          Neutral sulphur

-          Ethereal sulphur

-          Intestinal putrefaction causes increased ethereal sulphates.

Magnesium as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

MAGNESIUM (Mg):

Magnesium is found both in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Total body magnesium is about 20 g, 75% of which is complexed with calcium in bone.

Source:

• Green vegetables, potatoes, almond, cheese, cereals, beans and almost all animal tissues.

Daily requirement:

• Adults : 350 mg
• Pregnant women : 450 mg
• Children: 150 mg. Serum level 0.7-1.0mmol/L.

Phosphorus as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements for Children, Men & Women

PHOSPHORUS (P)

Total body phosphate weighs about 1 kg, 80% of which is present in bone and teeth while 10% is in muscles.

Sources:

• Cheese, milk, nuts, eggs, etc.

Daily requirement:

• Adults : 500 mg
• Pregnant women : 1 gm
• Children: 400 –600 mg. Serum level 0.8-5.1mmol/L.

Calcium as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements

CALCIUM ( Ca ):

About half of calcium present in blood is in ionized from and the rest, in unionized from. Some of unionized calcium is bound to protein, and a small amount is bound to citrate.

Calcium taken in the diet is in the form of calcium phosphate or carbonate.

Sources:

• Milk , eggs, fish, and vegetables,
• Cereals (wheat and rice) contain only small amounts of calcium.

Daily requirement:

• Adult : 0.5 gms
• Pregnancy : 1.5 gms
• Children: 1.0 gm .Serum level 2.1-2.6mmol/L.

Chlorine as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements

Health Care Guide on Chlorine (Cl) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease – Hyperchloraemia & Hypochloremia in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format

CHLORINE :

Chlorine is the principle extracellular anion. Its plasma concentration tends to follow that of sodium.

Sources:

• Chlorine is present in table salt.
• Many vegetables and meats contain chloride
• Water is also “chlorinated”.

Daily requirements:

• Adults : 2-5 gms
• Children : 0.5 – 2 gms .Serum level 98-106mmol/L

Potassium as Mineral – Rich Food Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements

Health Care Guide on Potassium (K) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease – Hyperkalemia & Hypokalaemia in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format

POTASSIUM (K):

Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It is widely present in the body fluids and tissues.

Sources:

• It is most widely distributed in vegetables.

Daily requirement:

• Adult : 2-4 gms
• children : 1-3 gms .Serum level 3.5-5.1mmol/L

Sodium as Mineral – Sources, Functions, Deficiency & Daily Requirements

Health Care Guide on Sodium (Na) functions in Human Body, Absorption, Excretion, Regulation facts & disease – Hypernatraemia & Hyponatraemia in word/ .doc / ppt / .pdf format

Sodium (Na) :

Sodium is the electrolyte which is found in large amount in extracellular fluid compartments.

Sources:

• Sodium is widely distributed in natural foods.
• It is present in table salt.
• Large amounts are found in cheese and butter.

Daily requirement:

• Adult : 0.5 g
• Children : 1g .Serum level 136-146mmol/L

Minerals in Food - Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Health Care Presentation on minerals Definition & classification examples and Requirements in Human Body in ppt / .do/. word/ .pdf format

Minerals :-

Minerals are inorganic substances that play an important role in a variety of metabolic reactions, as cofactors. They form one of the essential components of the diet. They are essentially divided into two major groups: macronutrients which are required in large amounts such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, sodium, potassium and chloride; and micronutrients or trace elements which are required in very small quantities in the diet.

The micronutrients in the diet:-