Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Oral Health

PPT Presentation Notes on Periodontium, diseases of Periodontium, Deficiency & Function of Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Iron & Zinc in Teeth Care for Medical & Biology Students in word / .doc Format

Periodontium:-

Periodontium are the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. These Tissues works a back bone for our teeth.

Minerals, Vitamins & Oral Care

Calcium and Periodontium

Rats placed on calcium-deficient diet showed osteoporotic changes in alveolar bone, reduction in the number and diameter of PDL fibers and  reduction in amount of secondary cementum (Fergusson and Oliver, 1969).It also showed to stimulate osteoclastic activity (Roberts,1975).Patients with osteoporosis are at increased risk for attachment loss (Rondoros et al 2000). Krall et al., (2001) studies suggested that low dietary intake of calcium may result in severe progression of periodontal diseases. 

Vitamin E Rich Foods Sources & Recommended Dietary Allowance

Health Care Guide on Vitamin E Discovery, Daily requirements, Absorption, metabolism & Rich Food List for Skin, vegetarians & non vegetarians in India in word / .doc format

VITAMIN E:

It has become one of the most misused, abused and controversial nutrients because of many erroneous claims for its healing powers in a variety of ailments. 

Discovery:

In 1922 a research team discovered that female rats aborted and male rats were sterile unless lettuce, wheat germ, and dried alfalfa were added to their diet of casein, cornstarch, lard butter, and yeast. In 1924 another researcher came to the same conclusion, and because the then four known vitamins were called A, B, C and D he suggested that this “fertility vitamin” be called vitamin E. In 1936 the first group isolated an alcohol having vitamin E activity from wheat germ oil and called it alphatocopherol from the Greek words meaning childbirth and to carry, that is, an alcohol that helps the bearing of young.

Recommended dietary allowance:

Vitamin A Overdose – Side Effects, Symptoms & Treatment

Health Care Guide on Vitamin A overload Amount, death effects, Symptoms in Children & Pregnancy with Treatment & Medication 

TOXICITY :

Hypervitaminosis A

Excessive intake of vitamin A affect:-

• CNS : headache, nausea, ataxia, anorexia, increased intracranial CSF pressure.
• Liver : hepatomegaly with histologic changes and hyperlipidemia.
• Calcium hemeostasis : thickening of long bones, hypercalcemia and calcification of soft tissues.
• Skin : excessive dryness, desquamation and alopecia.
• Mucous membrane defects

Vitamin A Deficiency, Symptoms & Treatment

Presentation Notes on Vitamin A disorder / Diseases (Skin, Hair Loss, Night Blindness, Oral Structure & Tung) Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment Dose in India in word/ .ppt Format  

Clinical manifestation of deficiency of vitamin A :

Vitamin A deficiency may be caused by a decreased dietary intake, however, this is usually seen in very severe malnutrition. It may also occur secondary to fat malabsorption.

In the eye symptoms are progressive. The earliest sign of deficiency is a loss of sensitivity to green light, followed by impairment to adaptation to dim light, followed by night blindness. This is reversible.

Vitamin A Functions

Presentation Notes of Functions of Vitamin A in Human Body with Details of Vitamin A functional Groups for Student & Kids in word/ .doc /.ppt Format

Functions of vitamin A :

There are 3 active forms of vitamin A

• Retinoic acid
• Retinaldehyde
• b-carotene

1)   Retinal has a role in Vision : In the pigment epithelium of the retina, all-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol and oxidized to 11-cis-retinaldehyde. This binds to opsin to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the rod cells in the retina involved in vision and dark adaptation to light.

About Vitamin A – Chemistry, Absorption, Utilization and Storage

Presentation Notes on Vitamin A Chemical Composition, Absorption, Storage & Utilisation in Human Body for Students & Kids in word/ .ppt/ .doc Format

Chemistry:

Vitamin A is a pale yellow, almost colorless compound soluble in fat or fat solvents and insoluble in water. Because of its high degree of unsaturation, the vitamin A content of fats and oils can be destroyed by oxidation as the fats and oils become rancid. Protection by antioxidants such as vitamin E or storage in a cool, dark place will prevent the oxidation and rancidity.

The vitamin A found in animal foods has two slightly different forms, vitamin A₁ and vitamin A₂. Vitamin A₁ is found chiefly in the liver and body fat of fish and in other foods of animal origin such as liver, milk, butter, and egg yolk. Vitamin A₂ which is of little importance in human nutrition, is found in fresh-water fish.

Vitamin A Rich Foods Sources

Health Care Guide on Vitamin A Rich Food Lists for Kids & Adults with Vitamin A History & Recommended daily intake

VITAMIN A

Discovery: Night blindness was cured in ancient Greece either by ingesting cooked liver or by applying topically to the eyes the juice squeezed from cooked liver.

           

In 1913 two teams of chemists McCollum and Davis, and Osborne and Mendel extracted an accessory food factor from butterfat by the use of ether, thus proving that it was fat soluble. McCollum and Davis called it fat-soluble A. C.E. Bloch, a Danish physician, noted that xerophthalmia in children could be cured by the addition of a milk product to their diet.

What are Types of Vitamins

Presentation Notes on Vitamins Imbalance / Toxicity, Diet Chart  Classifications for Medical, Biology Students & Kids in word/ .pdf /.ppt Format

Vitamins can be divided into 2 main groups

1. Fat-soluble vitamins:-

• Vitamin A, D, E and K. These are
• Stored in the liver
• Not absorbed or stored easily
• Sometimes toxic in excess (particularly A and D)

2. Water-soluble vitamins:-

• Vitamin B-complex and C. These are
• Not stored extensively
• Required regularly in the diet
• Generally non-toxic in excess (within reason)
• All B vitamins are coenzymes in metabolic pathways.

What Are Vitamins

Vitamins Definition, Functions and Their importance in the body.  Why vitamins are used / good for? Why We Need Vitamins.

What are Vitamins:-

INTRODUCTION

Vitamins are a class of organic compounds categorized as essential nutrients.  Vitamins are calorie-free molecules and are required by the body in very small amounts. They fall in the category of micronutrients. Vitamins do not yield energy but enable the body to use other nutrients. Since the body is generally unable to synthesize them (at least in sufficient amounts) they must be provided by food. A well balanced diet supplies in most instances the vitamin needs of a healthy person.

A common misconception is that "vitamins give you energy." The truth is, vitamins help with the metabolic reaction that releases energy within the food molecules, making them the directors of cell processes. But if the body has an adequate supply of vitamins to help with the creation of energy, taking more will not make you more energetic.